tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21804269131725916012024-02-08T05:48:31.613-08:00Chemistry Investigatory ProjectRakshith Khttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10033897377654898615noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2180426913172591601.post-2141446797378965042012-01-09T22:14:00.000-08:002012-01-09T22:21:48.484-08:00this is Investigatory project for AISSCE prescribed by CBSE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><b><span style="font-family: 'Baskerville Old Face', serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">DEVARAHALLI, CHANNAGIRI-TQ,
DAVANAGERE-DIST<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT Black', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB', sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">PROJECT REPORT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB', sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">2011-2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB', sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Exam. Reg. No.
: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">JAWAHAR
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">DEVARAHALLI,
DAVANAGERE(DIST)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Broadway; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">CERTIFICATE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Baskerville Old Face', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">This is to certify that this bonafide project
work in the subject of chemistry has been done by ______________ of class <b>XII</b> science in the academic year <b>2011-2012</b> and submitted to <b>AISSCE</b>
practical examination conducted by <b>CBSE</b>
at <b>J N V Devarahalli</b> on
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<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">TEACHER IN
CHARGE PRINCIPAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">INTERNAL
EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Monotype Corsiva'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Monotype Corsiva'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">DEVARAHALLI, DAVANGERE [DIST]<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<i><u><span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">I hereby acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to the
following personalities whose immense help, genius guidance, encouragement,
necessary suggestions, initiations, enthusiasm and inspiration made this work a
master art and a joint enterprise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<st2:title w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Mrs.</span></st2:title><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> <st2:givenname w:st="on">C.</st2:givenname> Ammal
- (Principal) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<st2:title w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Mrs.</span></st2:title><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> Rakhee. Y. D - (PGT Chemistry)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<st2:title w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Mr.</span></st2:title><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> Anantharaju - (Lab
assistant)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> <st1:stockticker w:st="on">AND</st1:stockticker> MY CLASSMATES & FRIENDS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Showcard Gothic'; font-size: 72pt; line-height: 115%;">ANALYSIS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Showcard Gothic'; font-size: 72pt; line-height: 115%;">HONEY<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 48pt;">THOUGHTS:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB Demi', sans-serif; font-size: 36pt;">"Scientific and humanist approaches are not
competitive, but supportive and both are ultimately necessary."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Baskerville Old Face', serif; font-size: 36pt;">-<st2:givenname w:st="on">Robert</st2:givenname> C
Wood.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB Demi', sans-serif; font-size: 36pt;">"There is no higher or lower knowledge, but
one and only one, flowering out of experimentation."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Baskerville Old Face', serif; font-size: 36pt;">-<st1:personname w:st="on"><st2:givenname w:st="on">Leonardo</st2:givenname>
<st2:sn w:st="on">da Vinci</st2:sn></st1:personname><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 72pt;"> </span><st1:stockticker w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 72pt;">AIM</span></st1:stockticker><span style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 72pt;">:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT Black', serif; font-size: 48pt;">To analyze the available honey for presence of
different minerals and carbohydrates.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">REQUIREMENTS:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Stencil; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">Apparatus:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Test tubes, Test tube stand, Burner, Water
Bath.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Stencil; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">Chemicals:-</span><span style="font-family: Stencil; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<st2:sn w:st="on"><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Fehling</span></st2:sn><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> solution A, <st2:sn w:st="on">Fehling</st2:sn> solution B, Ammonium
chloride solution, Ammonium oxalate solution, Ammonium phosphate, Conc. Nitric</span><span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">acid, Potassium
sulphocyanide solution.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Algerian; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">THEORY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"> Honey,
thick, sweet, super saturated sugar solution manufactured by bees to feed their
larvae and for the subsistence during winter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"> Bee honey is composed of fructose, glucose and
water, in varying proportions. It also contains several enzymes and oils. The
color & flavor depends on the age of the honey and the sources of the
nectar .It colored honeys are usually of higher quality than dark coloured
honeys. Other high grade honeys are made by bees from orange blossoms, clover
and Alfalfa. A well known, poorer grade honey is produced from buckwheat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">Honey
has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up
moisture from the air and is consequently used as a moistioning agent for
Tobaco and in baking. Glucose crystallizes
out of honey on standing at room temperature, leaving on uncrystallized
layer of dissolved fructose. Honey to be marketed is usually heated by a
special process to about 66<sup>o</sup>C [150.01 F] to dissolve the crystals
and is sealed to prevent crystallization. The fructose in crystallized honey
ferments readily at about <st1:metricconverter productid="160C" w:st="on">16<sup>0</sup>C</st1:metricconverter>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Stencil; font-size: 48pt;">PROCEDURE:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: 'Cooper Black', serif; font-size: 26pt;">TEST FOR MINERALS:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">1.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">Test for Potassium:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;"> <b>2ml of
honey is taken in a test tube and picric acid solution is added. Yellow
precipitate indicates the presence of K<sup>+.</sup><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">2.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">Test for Calcium:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl solution and NH<sub>4</sub>OH solution are added to it. The
solution is filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of ammonium oxalate solution is
added. White ppt. or milkiness indicates the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">3.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">Test
for Magnesium:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;"> 2 ml of honey is
taken in a test tube and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl solution is added to it and then excess
of Ammonium phospate solution is added. The side of the testtube is scratched
with a glass rod. White precipitate indicates the presence of Mg<sup>2+ </sup>ions.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">4.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Gill Sans Ultra Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;">Test
for Iron:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26pt;"> <b>2ml of
honey is taken in a test tube and a drop of conc. HNO<sub>3</sub> is added and
it is heated. It is cooled and 2-3 drops of Potassium sulphocyanide solution is
added to it. Blood red colour shows the presence of iron.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">TEST FOR
CARBOHYDRATES<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Cooper Black', serif; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<u> Fehling`s
test </u>:<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">mL of honey is taken in a test tube and </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">mL each of Fehling`s solution
A and Fehling`s solution B are</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>added to it and boiled. Red precipitate
indicates the presence of reducing sugars.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Cooper Black', serif; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"> 2.<u> Tollen`s
test</u>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2-3 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">mL of aqueous solution of honey is taken in a test tube. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2-3</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;">mL of Tollen`s reagent is
added. The test tube is kept in a boiling water bath for about ten minutes. A
shining silver mirror indicates the</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Colonna MT'; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>presence of reducing carbohydrates.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--------------------------------------</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">OBSERVATION TABLE<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;">Substance
taken: honey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 53.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SL. NO<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 22pt;">TESTS</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 18pt;">OBSERVATION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 20pt;">INFERENCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 62.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 62.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Test for
Potassium:-</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey + Picric acid solution</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -6.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Yellow
ppt.is observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Potassium
is present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Test for Calcium:-</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey
+ NH<sub>4</sub>Cl soln. + NH<sub>4</sub>OH soln. filtered + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">White ppt.or milkiness is not observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Calcium is absent.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 106.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Test
for Magnesium:-</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey+ NH<sub>4</sub>OH
(till solution becomes alkaline) + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Po<sub>4</sub></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">White ppt.is not observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Magnesium is absent.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 98.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 98.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 98.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Test for Iron:-</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey+
conc.HNO<b><sub>3</sub></b>, heated and
cooled, + potassium sulphocyanide</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 98.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Blood red colour is observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 98.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Iron
is present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 80.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 80.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 80.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Fehling`s test:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey + 1mL each of Fehling`s solution A
and Fehling`s solution B</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 80.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Red ppt. is observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 80.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Reducing
sugar is present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 27.9pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 22pt;">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.9pt;" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Tollen’s test:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Honey + 2-3mL Tollen`s reagent, test tube
in water bath for 10 minutes</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 125.15pt;" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Shining silver mirror is observed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Reducing carbohydrate is present</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Britannic Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">RESULT :-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Potassium is present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Iron is present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Calcium is absent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Magnesium is absent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Forte; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">Honey contains reducing sugar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Snap ITC'; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">SUGGESTIONS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT Black', serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">“Analysis
of vegetable juices”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
------------------------------------
</i></b></span></div>Rakshith Khttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10033897377654898615noreply@blogger.com4